Dadka inta badan khamri cabba waa in ay aad u yaqaaniin calaamadaha khamriga iyo gufyada, sababtoo ah wax badan ayaynu ka ogaan karnaa khamriga marka aynu akhrino calaamadaha khamriga iyo fiirsashada gufyada khamriga. Laakiin dhalooyinka khamriga, qaar badan oo cabbaya ma bixiyaan feejignaan badan, laakiin ma oga in dhalooyinka khamriga ay sidoo kale leeyihiin siro badan oo aan la garanayn.
1. Asalka dhalooyinka khamriga
Dad badan ayaa laga yaabaa in ay xiiseeyaan, sababta inta badan khamriga loogu shubo dhalooyinka dhalada ah, oo ay naadir ku yihiin gasacadaha birta ama caagagga?
Khamrigu wuxuu markii ugu horreysay soo shaac baxay 6000 BC, markaasoo aan la samayn tignoolajiyada dhalada ama birta midna, iska daa caag. Wakhtigaas, badi khamrigu waxa ay ku jireen weelal dhoobo ah. Qiyaastii 3000 BC, alaabada galaasku waxay bilaabeen inay soo baxaan, wakhtigan, qaar ka mid ah muraayadaha khamriga-dhamaadka sare ayaa bilaabay in laga sameeyo galaas. Marka la barbardhigo muraayadaha khamriga asalka ah, muraayadaha khamriga ee galaaska waxay siin karaan khamri dhadhan fiican. Laakiin dhalooyinka khamriga ayaa weli lagu kaydiyaa dhalooyinka dhoobada. Sababtoo ah heerka wax soo saarka dhalooyinka wakhtigaas ma ahayn mid sarreeya, dhalooyinka dhalada ah ee la sameeyay waxay ahaayeen kuwo aad u jilicsan, kuwaas oo aan ku habboonayn gaadiidka iyo kaydinta khamriga. Qarnigii 17-aad, hal-abuur muhiim ah ayaa soo muuqday - foornada dhuxusha. Farsamadan waxay si weyn u kordhisay heerkulka marka la samaynayo muraayadda, taas oo u oggolaanaysa dadka inay sameeyaan muraayado qaro weyn. Isla mar ahaantaana, muuqaalka kore ee geedka geedka wakhtigaas, dhalooyinka dhalada ayaa si guul leh u beddelay dhalooyinka dhoobada hore. Ilaa maanta, dhalooyinka dhalada ah laguma beddelin gasacadaha birta ama caagagga. Marka hore, waxaa sabab u ah arrimo taariikheed iyo kuwo soo jireen ah; labaad, waa sababta oo ah dhalooyinka dhalada ah ayaa aad u deggan oo aan saameyn ku yeelan doonin tayada khamriga; Saddexaad, dhalooyinka dhalada ah iyo qoryo oak ah ayaa si fiican isku dhafan si ay u bixiyaan khamri leh soo jiidashada gabowga ee dhalooyinka.
2. Astaamaha dhalooyinka khamriga
Inta badan khamriga jecel waxay sheegi karaan sifooyinka dhalooyinka khamriga: dhalooyinka khamriga cas waa cagaar, dhalooyinka khamriga cad waa hufan, awoodda waa 750 ml, iyo waxaa jira grooves hoose.
Marka hore, aynu eegno midabka dhalada khamriga. Horraantii qarnigii 17aad, midabka dhalooyinka khamrigu wuxuu ahaa cagaar. Tan waxa xadiday habka dhalada samaynta ee wakhtigaas. Dhalooyinka khamriga waxaa ku jiray wasakh badan, sidaas darteed dhalooyinka khamrigu waxay ahaayeen cagaar. Later, dadku waxay ogaadeen in dhalooyinka khamriga cagaaran ee madow ay ka caawiyeen inay ka ilaaliyaan khamriga dhalada ka soo jeeda iftiinka iftiinka waxayna caawiyaan da'da khamriga, sidaas darteed dhalooyinka khamriga intooda badan ayaa laga dhigay cagaar madow. Khamriga cad iyo khamriga rosé ayaa inta badan lagu xiraa dhalooyin khamri ah oo hufan, iyagoo rajeynaya in ay muujiyaan midabada khamriga cad iyo khamriga rosé ee macaamiisha, taas oo dadka siin karta dareen farxad leh.
Marka labaad, awoodda dhalooyinka khamriga waxay ka kooban tahay arrimo badan. Mid ka mid ah sababaha ayaa weli laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 17aad, markii samaynta dhalada lagu sameeyay gacanta oo lagu tiirsaday muraayadaha. Saamayn ku yeeshay awoodda sambabada ee muraayadaha-qarxinta, cabbirka dhalooyinka khamriga ee wakhtigaas wuxuu u dhexeeyay 600-800 ml. Sababta labaad waa dhalashada foosto geedeedka caadiga ah: foosto yar yar oo geedka loogu talagalay maraakiibta waxaa lagu aasaasay 225 litir wakhtigaas, sidaas darteed Midowga Yurub wuxuu dhigay awoodda dhalooyinka khamriga 750 ml qarnigii 20aad. Foosto yar oo noocan oo kale ah waxay qaadi kartaa 300 oo dhalo oo khamri ah iyo 24 sanduuq. Sababta kale ayaa ah in dadka qaarkiis ay u maleynayaan in 750 ml uu ku shubi karo 15 koob oo 50 ml khamri ah, taas oo ku habboon qoyska inay cabbaan xilliga cuntada.
Inkasta oo dhalooyinka khamriga intooda badani ay yihiin 750 ml, hadda waxaa jira dhalooyin khamri ah oo awoodo kala duwan leh.
Ugu dambeyntii, jeexjeexyada hoose ee dhalada ayaa inta badan ah dad badan oo khuraafaad ah, kuwaas oo aaminsan in qoto-dheeraanta qoto-dheer ee hoosta, tayada khamriga. Dhab ahaantii, qoto dheer ee jeexjeexyada hoose maahan mid la xidhiidha tayada khamriga. Qaar ka mid ah dhalooyinka khamriga waxaa loogu talagalay in ay la socdaan godad si ay u oggolaadaan in dheecaanku uu ku ururo hareeraha dhalada, taas oo ku habboon in la saaro marka la gooyo. Iyadoo la hagaajinayo tignoolajiyada casriga ah ee casriga ah, qashinka khamriga si toos ah ayaa loo sifeyn karaa inta lagu jiro habka khamriga, markaa looma baahna in la gooyo si loo saaro qulqulka. Sababtan awgeed, jeexjeexyada hoose waxay fududeyn karaan kaydinta khamriga. Haddii dhexda hoose ee dhalada khamriga ay soo baxdo, way adkaan doontaa in dhalada la dhigo. Laakiin hagaajinta tignoolajiyada samaynta dhalada casriga ah, dhibaatadan ayaa sidoo kale la xalliyey, sidaas darteed jeexjeexyada hoose ee dhalada khamrigu maaha mid la xidhiidha tayada. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah wineries ayaa weli sii haya jeexjeexyada hoose si aad u ilaaliso dhaqanka.
3. Dhalooyinka khamriga ee kala duwan
Khamriga si taxadar leh u jecel waxay ogaan karaan in dhalooyinka Burgundy ay gebi ahaanba ka duwan yihiin dhalooyinka Bordeaux. Dhab ahaantii, waxaa jira noocyo kale oo badan oo dhalooyin khamri ah marka laga reebo dhalooyinka Burgundy iyo dhalooyinka Bordeaux.
1. Dhalada Bordeaux
Dhalada caadiga ah ee Bordeaux waxay leedahay ballac isku mid ah kor ilaa hoos, oo leh garab gaar ah, kaas oo loo isticmaali karo in laga saaro wasakhda khamriga. Dhaladani waxay u egtahay mid dhab ah oo sharaf leh, sida ganacsi caan ah. Khamriga meelo badan oo adduunka ah ayaa lagu sameeyaa dhalooyinka Bordeaux.
2. Dhalada Burgundy
Hoosku waa tiir, garabkuna waa qalooc xarrago leh, sida gabadh xarrago leh.
3. Chateauneuf du Pape dhalada
Si la mid ah dhalada Burgundy, wax yar ayay ka khafiifsan tahay kana dheer tahay dhalada Burgundy-ga. Dhalada waxaa lagu daabacay "Chateauneuf du Pape", koofiyadda Pope-ka iyo furayaasha labanlaabka ah ee St. Peter. Dhalada waa sida Masiixi cibaadada leh.
Chateauneuf du Pape dhalada; Isha sawirka: Brotte
4. Dhalada Champagne
Si la mid ah dhalada Burgundy, laakiin dusha sare ee dhaladu waxay leedahay shaabad taaj oo ah halsano labaad dhalada.
5. Dhalada Provence
Way ku habboon tahay in lagu qeexo dhalada Provence sida gabadh qurux badan oo leh muuqaal "S" ah.
6. Dhalada Alsace
Garabka dhalada Alsace sidoo kale waa qalooc xarrago leh, laakiin way ka caato badan tahay dhalada Burgundy, sida gabadh dheer. Marka lagu daro Alsace, inta badan dhalooyinka khamriga Jarmalka ayaa sidoo kale isticmaala qaabkan.
7. Dhalada Chianti
Dhalooyinka Chianti waxay markii hore ahaayeen dhalooyin calool weyn, sida nin buuxa oo xoog badan. Laakiin sannadihii la soo dhaafay, Chianti ayaa si sii kordheysa u jecel isticmaalka dhalooyinka Bordeaux.
Adigoo og tan, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad qiyaas ahaan qiyaasi karto asalka khamriga adigoon fiirin calaamadda.
Waqtiga boostada: Jul-05-2024