Horumar cusub oo laga gaaray cilmi baarista ka hortagga gabowga ee agabka dhalooyinka

Dhawaan, Machadka Farsamada ee Akadeemiyada Sayniska Shiinaha ayaa iskaashi la sameeyay cilmi-baarayaal gudaha iyo dibedda ku nool si ay horumar cusub uga sameeyaan ka hortagga gabowga agabka dhalooyinka, waxaana markii ugu horreysay ay si tijaabo ah u xaqiiqsadeen qaab-dhismeedka aadka u dhalinyarada ah ee galaas macdan ah oo caadi ah qiyaas waqti aad u degdeg badan. Natiijooyinka la xidhiidha waxa cinwaan looga dhigay dib u soo kabashada xad dhaafka ah ee Ultrafast ee muraayadaha macdan iyadoo la isku riixayo shoog, oo lagu daabacay Horumarka Sayniska (Sayniska Horumarka 5: eaaw6249 (2019)).

Maaddada dhalada metastable waxay leedahay u janjeera gabowga iskiis ah ee gobolka dheellitirka heerkulbeegga, isla mar ahaantaana, waxaa weheliya xumaanshaha hantida maaddada. Si kastaba ha noqotee, iyada oo loo marayo gelinta tamarta dibadda, walxaha muraayadda gabowga ayaa dib u cusbooneysiin kara qaab-dhismeedka (dib-u-cusboonaynta). Nidaamkan ka-hortagga gabowga ayaa dhinaca kale gacan ka geysta fahamka aasaasiga ah ee dabeecadda firfircoon ee adag ee muraayadda, dhinaca kale waxay sidoo kale ku habboon tahay codsiga injineernimada ee alaabta muraayadda. Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, alaabta dhalada macdan ah oo leh rajooyin codsi oo ballaadhan, hababka dib-u-nooleynta qaabdhismeedka ee taxane ah oo ku salaysan qallooca aan affin ayaa la soo jeediyay si wax ku ool ah loo xakameeyo qalabka farsamada iyo muuqaalka alaabta. Si kastaba ha noqotee, dhammaan hababka dib-u-nooleynta ee hore waxay ku shaqeeyaan heerarka walaaca hoose waxayna u baahan yihiin miisaan waqti dheer oo ku filan, sidaas darteed waxay leeyihiin xaddidaadyo waaweyn.

Cilmi-baarayaasha ku saleysan tignoolajiyada saameynta saxan-bartilmaameedka ah ee aaladda gaasta iftiinka ah, waxay xaqiiqsadeen in muraayadda macdan ee zirconium-ku-saleysan ay si dhakhso ah u cusbooneysiisay heer sare oo ku saabsan 365 nanoseconds (hal milyan-meelood meel waqtiga ay ku qaadato qofku inuu libiqsado isha). Enthalpy aad buu u khalkhalsan yahay. Caqabadda tignoolajiyadan ayaa ah in lagu dabaqo dhowr heer GPa hal-pulse loading iyo dejin toos ah oo toos ah muraayadda macdan ah, si looga fogaado guuldarada firfircoon ee agabka sida xargaha xiiran iyo xajinta; Isla mar ahaantaana, iyada oo la xakameynayo xawaaraha saameynta xaashida, birta Dib-u-nooleynta degdegga ah ee muraayadda "baraf" heerar kala duwan.

Cilmi-baadhayaashu waxay sameeyeen daraasad dhammaystiran oo ku saabsan habka dib-u-cusboonaynta degdegga ah ee muraayadda birta ah ee ka soo jeeda aragtida thermodynamics, qaab-dhismeedka cabbirka badan iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa phonon "Bose peak", oo muujinaya in dib-u-cusboonaynta qaab-dhismeedka muraayadda ay ka timaaddo kooxo nano-cabbir ah. Mugga bilaashka ah waxaa keenay habka "kala-guurka xiirid". Iyada oo ku saleysan habkan jireed, nambarka Deborah oo aan cabbir lahayn ayaa lagu qeexay, taas oo sharxaysa suurtagalnimada qiyaasta wakhtiga ee dib-u-cusboonaynta degdegga ah ee muraayadda birta ah. Shaqadani waxay kordhisay qiyaasta wakhtiga loogu talagalay dib-u-cusboonaynta dhismayaasha muraayadaha biraha ah ugu yaraan 10 amarrada cabbirka, ballaarinta goobaha codsiga ee maaddada noocaan ah, waxayna sii xoojisay fahamka dadka ee dhaqdhaqaaqa ultrafast ee muraayadda.